Lokpal ki Bhrunhatya

           Lokpal Ki BhrunHatya

Tarikh 27 december ki thi ,jab savere 9:30 baje ke lagbhag manniye shri Anna Hazare Mumbai ke juhu me isthit Gandhi smarak ko mala pahnakar, samne hi dhyan magna ho gaye .102 degree ke tapman se tap rahi 79 saal ke jawan ki himmat dekhate  hi ban rahi thi .Wahin dusari taraph thik 1:30 ghante bad Bharat ke sabse bade mudda bajar me nilami suru hui .Nilami loktantra ka .Karmik mantra shri Narayan sami ne iski suruaat ki ,phir kramsah neta pratipksha shrimati Susama swaraj ,cabinet mantra Kapil sibbal bhi bole aur khub bole .sansad mouka pakar aisa bole wa itna bole ki laga hi nahi ki bajar me lokpal bill ke peshi par bahas  chal raha hai ya loktrant-bhrastachar wa sansad par banne wali kisi vyangyatmak dharawahik ki pathkatha likhi ja rahi ho .Kisi ne media ko latada ,to kisi ne samajseviyon ko .Raat ko 10 baje yaad aaya ki sansodhano par voting karwa liya jaye .Kabhi I to kabhi No ki shor kaan phadne lagi .ek taraph rajnitik kabddi chalrahi thi to dusari or Mumbai ke mmrda ground 104 degree high puls rate wa phatne ke kagar par blood pressure ,dihidration se pidit Anna Hazare taktaki lagaye sansad me chal rahe tamashe ka jayja lete rahe .Bahumat ke dum par vipakshake 187 sanshodano ko kharij karte huye ,sattadhari U.P.A ne bill ko loksabha me pesh karwa liya .iss kritya ke saath hi sabhi or charcha hone lagi ki lokpal ka bhavishya abb dr. vipksha ke haath me hai .28 tarikh koyah pass bill rastrapati ke hastakshar ke liye bhej diya gaya . Ya kahe sonogrphi report par hastakshar karwane ke liye  Yah din B.J.P ke naam raha puri vipksha ek jut ho gai . siwaye better than nothing kahe jane wale chautha morcha ke jo gat din loksabha se walkout kar gayi thi ek taraf jahan vipaksha ke neta deeng haankte va gaal bajaate gaye wahin Anna Hazare ka sangharsh jawaab de gaya. Na toh wo Delhi ki tarah bheer juta paye na josh. Anan phanan mein Anna Hazarey ne Anshan torne ka elaan kar diya, saath hi Jail Bharo Andolan bhi radd kar diya. ‘ye lo ab to Maa-Baap bhihaar man chuke the.’ Taarikh 29, wo nilami ab ilaaj banker Bazaar se I.C.U pahunch chuki thi. Ilaaz shuru hua, wahi shubh samay, Char Yog. Parantu shuruat se hi Dr. Vipaksha evam Dr. Paksha bacche ko bachane ke mood mein nahi lage. Dr. Vipaksh ke pramukh 48 Min. bole to Dr. Paksha ke pramukh unse saadhe 3 min adhik 52 min. Ek-ek saansad waale compounder bhi 20 min. tak sangharsh karte rahe. Dr. thak gaye toh peechhe se awwaz aayi – boliye! Hum sunana chahte hain. Maa roti rahi, karaahati rahi. Dr. operation ka mazaa lutate rahe. Raat 9 baje tak lagbhag bacche ke maut ki khabar phail chuki thi, ek news channel ke kabil reporter kah diya ki aaj voting nahin ho sakti kyonki Rajya sabha bas 12 baje tak chalti hai. Arthat aadesh aa chuka tha ki bacche ko marna hi hai so 10:52 mein akushal Dr. Mr. Rajneeti Prasad ne anjaam tak pahuncha diya, delivery kar rahe Dr. Paksh Branch ke Dr. Narayansami se navjaat shishu lekar Rajyasabha ki dharaatal par tukron mein bikher diya. Chal rahi saans bhi ruk gayi. Sab munh par char ungali rakh dekhate rahe. Itne mein Aspataal ke malik ne Pack-up kah diya.

Lokpal mar gaya, 48 saal se kokh mein para yeh bill ab bhi kokh mein hi hai. Na team Anna ki joshili dava kaam aayi, Na deshwasiyon ki dua.

Ek television program mein Sansadiya Kaarya rajya mantri Shri Harish Rawat ji ne kahaa ki –“ Hum B.J.P se kahte rahe ki humein Lokpal bill ko janm dene dijiye, jis haalat mein hai usme hi, Baad mein sudridh kar lenge parantu B.J.P hatya par tuli thi so kar diya.

Kya bayaan tha! Upma Alankaar, parantu Rajneeti mein koi vaakya alankrit nahin hoti. Accha hi hua ki Lokpal ki bhrunhatya kar di gayi, yadi nahin bhi hoti to bhi wo mara hua hi paida hota. Matke mein ek chhed uske andar ka saara jal nikaal deti yahaan to chhalni mein pani bhar ke chal rahe the. Bahar aa ke adhmara rahne se accha hai ki kokh mein dum turwa diya jae, Asha to rahegi ki Grishma satra mein accha wa Swastha paida hoga, taaki Kaliyug mein wo daswan avatar banke Bhrashtasur ka vinaash kar sake.

                                                                                     Inhi Shubhkamnaon ke sath   A very Blissful & Prosperous Happy New Year.

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Foreign Direct Investment

Introduction: - Foreign direct investment (FDI) or foreign investment refers to the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. It usually involves participation in management, joint-venture, transfer of technology and expertise. There are two types of FDI: inward foreign direct investment and outward foreign direct investment, resulting in a net FDI inflow (positive or negative) and "stock of foreign direct investment", which is the cumulative number for a given period. Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of shares. FDI is one example of international factor movement.

History: - FDI is a measure of the ownership of productive assets, such as factories, mines and land. Increasing foreign investment can be used as the measure of growing economic globalization. The figure below shows net inflows of foreign direct investment in the United States. The largest flows of foreign investment occur between the industrialized countries (North America, Western Europe and Japan). But flows to non-industrialized countries are increasing sharply.

Types: - A foreign direct investor may be classified in any sector of the economy and could be any one of the following.

§  an individual;

§  a group of related individuals;

§  an incorporated or unincorporated entity;

§  a public company or private company;

§  a group of related enterprises;

§  a government body;

§  an estate (law), trust or other social institution; or

§  any combination of the above.

Methods: -The foreign direct investor may acquire voting power of an enterprise in an economy through any of the following methods:

§  by incorporating a wholly owned subsidiary or company

§  by acquiring shares in an associated enterprise

§  through a merger or an acquisition of an unrelated enterprise

§  participating in an equity joint venture with another investor or enterprise...

Foreign direct investment incentives may take the following forms

§  low corporate tax and income tax rates

§  tax holidays

§  other types of tax concessions

§  preferential tariffs

§  special economic zones

§  EPZ – Export Processing Zones

§  Bonded Warehouses

§  Maquiladoras

§  investment financial subsidies

§  soft loan or loan guarantees

§  free land or land subsidies

§  relocation & expatriation subsidies

§  job training & employment subsidies

§  infrastructure subsidies

§  R&D support

§  derogation from regulations (usually for very large projects)

Foreign Direct Investment in India:

Starting from a baseline of less than $1 billion in 1990, a recent UNCTAD survey projected India as the second most important FDI destination (after China) for transnational corporations during 2010–2012. As per the data, the sectors which attracted higher inflows were services, telecommunication, construction activities and computer software and hardware. Mauritius, Singapore, the US and the UK were among the leading sources of FDI.

                                       FDI in 2010 was $24.2 billion, a significant decrease from both 2008 and 2009. Foreign direct investment in August 2010 dipped by about 60% to aprox. $34 billion, the lowest in 2010 fiscal, industry department data released showed. In the first two months of 2010–11 fiscal, FDI inflow into India was at an all-time high of $7.78 billion up 77% from $4.4 billion during the corresponding period in the previous year.  The world’s largest retailer Wal Mart has termed India’s decision to allow 51% FDI in multi-brand retail as a “first important step” and said it will study the finer details of the new policy to determine the impact on its ability to do business in India. However this decision of the government is currently under suspension due to opposition from multiple political quarters.

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Bharat Ratna: The highest Civilian Award of India..

Introduction: 

Bharat Ratna is the Republic of India's highest civilian award, awarded for the highest degrees of national service. This service includes artistic, literary, and scientific achievements, as well as "recognition of public service of the highest order." Unlike knights, holders of the Bharat Ratna carry neither special title nor any other honorifics, but they do have a place in the Indian order of precedence.

The award was established by the first President of India, Rajendra Prasad, on 2 January 1954.  Along with other major national honours, such as the Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri, (You will read further) the awarding of the Bharat Ratna was suspended from 13 July 1977 to 26 January 1980.

History:

The order was established by Rajendra Prasad, President of India, on 2 January 1954. The original statutes of January 1954 did not make allowance for posthumous awards (and this perhaps explains why the decoration was never awarded to Mahatma Gandhi), though this provision was added in the January 1955 statute. Subsequently, there have been twelve posthumous awards, including the award to Subhash Chandra Bose in 1992, which was later withdrawn due to a legal technicality, the only case of an award being withdrawn. The award was briefly suspended from 13 July 1977 to 26 January 1980.

While there was no formal provision that recipients of the Bharat Ratna should be Indian citizens, this seems to have been the general assumption. Of the 41 awards so far, there has been one award to a naturalised Indian citizen, Mother Teresa (1980), and to two non-Indians, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1987) and Nelson Mandela (1990). The awarding of this honour has frequently been the subject of litigation questioning the constitutional basis of such.

Originally, the specifications for the award called for a circular gold medal carrying the state emblem and motto, among other things. It is uncertain if a design in accordance with the original specifications was ever made. The actual award is designed in the shape of a peepul leaf and carries with the words "Bharat Ratna", inscribed in Devanagari script. The reverse side of the medal carries the state emblem and motto. The award is attached to a 2-inch-wide (51 mm) ribbon, and was designed to be worn around the recipient's neck.

List of  Gems:-

·         Pandit Bhimsen Gururaj Joshi
Arts : 2008 : Karnataka

·         Kumari Lata Dinanath Mangeshkar
Arts : 2001 : Maharashtra

·         Late. Ustad Bismillah Khan
Arts : 2001 : Uttar Pradesh

·         Prof. Amartya Sen
Literature & Education : 1999 : United Kingdom

·         Lokpriya Gopinath (posth.) Bordoloi
Public Affairs : 1999 : Assam

·         Loknayak Jayprakash (Posth.) Narayan
Public Affairs : 1999 : Bihar

·         Pandit Ravi Shankar
Arts : 1999 : United States

·         Shri Chidambaram Subramaniam
Public Affairs : 1998 : Tamil Nadu

·         Smt. M.S. Subbulakshmi
Arts : 1998 : Tamil Nadu

·         Shri (Dr.) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Science & Engineering. : 1997 : Delhi

• Smt. Aruna Asaf (Posth.) Ali
  Public Affairs : 1997 : Delhi
• Shri Gulzari Lal (Shri) Nanda
  Public Affairs : 1997 : Gujarat
• Shri Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhai Tata
  Trade & Industry : 1992 : Maharashtra
• Shri Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
  Public Affairs : 1992 : West Bengal
• Shri Satyajit Ray
  Arts : 1992 : West Bengal
• Shri Morarji Ranchhodji Desai
  Public Affairs : 1991 : Gujarat
• Shri Rajiv Gandhi
  Public Affairs : 1991 : Delhi
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
  Public Affairs : 1991 : Gujarat
• Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedakr
  Public Affairs : 1990 : Maharashtra
• Dr. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela
  Public Affairs : 1990 : South Africa
• Shri Marudur Gopalan Ramachandran
  Public Affairs : 1988 : Tamil Nadu
• Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
  Social Work : 1987 : Pakistan
• Shri Acharya Vinoba Bhave
  Social Work : 1983 : Maharashtra
• Mother Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu Teresa
  Social Work : 1980 : West Bengal
• Shri Kumaraswamy Kamraj
  Public Affairs : 1976 : Tamil Nadu
• Shri V.V. Giri
  Public Affairs : 1975 : Orissa
• Smt. Indira Gandhi
  Public Affairs : 1971 : Uttar Pradesh
• Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri
  Public Affairs : 1966 : Uttar Pradesh
• Dr. Pandurang Vaman Kane
  Social Work : 1963 : Maharashtra
• Dr. Zakir Hussain
  Public Affairs : 1963 : Andhra Pradesh
• Dr. Rajendra Prasad
  Public Affairs : 1962 : Bihar
• Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy
  Public Affairs : 1961 : West Bengal
• Shri Purushottam Das Tandon
  Public Affairs : 1961 : Uttar Pradesh
• Dr. Dhondo Keshav Karve
  Social Work : 1958 : Maharashtra
• Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant
  Public Affairs : 1957 : Uttar Pradesh
• Dr. Bhagwan Das
  Literature & Education : 1955 : Uttar Pradesh
• Shri Jawaharlal Nehru
  Public Affairs : 1955 : Uttar Pradesh
• Dr. M. Vishweshwariah
  Civil Service : 1955 : Karnataka
• Shri Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
  Public Affairs : 1954 : Tamil Nadu
• Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
  Science & Engineering. : 1954 : Tamil Nadu
• Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan 
  Public Affairs : 1954 : Tamil Nadu

India: Land & People

राष्‍ट्रीय दिवस

स्‍वतंत्रता दिवस:- भारत का स्‍वतंत्रता दिवस, जिसे हर वर्ष 15 अगस्‍त को देश भर में हर्ष उल्‍लास के साथ मनाया जाता है, इसमें अनेक राष्‍ट्रीय दिवसों की खुशी शामिल है, क्‍योंकि यह प्रत्‍येक भारतीय को एक नई शुरूआत की याद दिलाता है, 200 वर्ष से अधिक समय तक ब्रिटिश उपनिवेशवाद के चंगुल से छूट कर एक नए युग की शुरूआत हुई थी। वह 15 अगस्‍त 1947 का भाग्‍यशाली दिन था जब भारत को ब्रिटिश उपनिवेशवाद से स्‍वतंत्र घोषित किया गया और नियंत्रण की बाग डोर देश के नेताओं को सौंप दी गई। भारतीय द्वारा आजादी पाना उसका भाग्‍य था, क्‍योंकि स्‍वतंत्रता संघर्ष काफी लम्‍बे समय चला और यह एक थका देने वाला अनुभव था, जिसमें अनेक स्‍वतंत्रता सेनानियों ने अपने जीवन कुर्बान कर दिए।

गणतंत्र दिवस:- भारत देश एक गणतंत्र बना जब 26 जनवरी 1950 को देश का संविधान लागू हुआ और इस प्रकार यह सरकार के संसदीय रूप के साथ एक संप्रभुताशाली समाजवादी लोक‍तांत्रिक गणतंत्र के रूप में सामने आया भारतीय संविधान, जिसे देश की सरकार की रूपरेखा का प्रतिनिधित्‍व करने वाले पर्याप्‍त विचार विमर्श के बाद विधान मंडल द्वारा अपनाया गया तब से 26 जनवरी को भारत के गणतंत्र दिवस के रूप में भारी उत्‍साह के साथ मनाया जाता है और इसे राष्‍ट्रीय अवकाश घोषित किया जाता है। यह आयोजन हमें देश के सभी शहीदों के नि:स्‍वार्थ बलिदान की याद दिलाता है, जिन्‍होंने आजादी के संघर्ष में अपने जीवन खो दिए और विदेशी आक्रमणों के विरुद्ध अनेक लड़ाइयां जीती। 

गाँधी ज़यंती:- 2 अक्‍तूबर का दिन राष्‍ट्रपिता के प्रति समर्पित है। जब देश मोहन दास करम चन्‍द्र गांधी का जन्‍मदिन मनाता है तो वही राष्‍ट्र के बापू का जन्‍मदिन है। यह दिन शांति के दूत की इस कुर्बानी की याद सभी भारतीय नागरिकों को दिलाती है, ताकि वे स्‍वतंत्रता के इस उपहार को सच्‍चे अर्थों में ग्रहण कर सकें। अहिंसात्‍मक प्रतिरोध द्वारा ब्रिटिश उपनिवेशवाद कानून के प्रति कोई प्रतिरोधकता की भावना कभी असफल नहीं रही है जिसने देश में रहने वाले नागरिकों के बीच आपसी भाई चारे का जीवन जीने की भावना को प्रबल बनाया है। उन्‍होंने अस्‍पृश्‍य, जिन्‍हें वे 'हरिजन' कहते थे, के सामाजिक उत्‍थान के लिए गहन रूप से कार्य किया है और बाद में वे 'भारत छोड़ो आंदोलन' के नेता थे, जिसने भारत में ब्रिटिश प्रभुत्‍व के प्रति असंतोष का पहला संकेत दिया।

Interesting Facts:-

The Interesting Facts About India………

1.       It is illegal to take Indian currency (rupees) out of India.

2.      India leads the world with the most murders (32,719), with Russia taking second at 28,904 murders per year.

3.      India has one of the world’s highest rates of abortion.

4.      More than a million Indians are millionaires, yet most Indians live on less than two dollars a day. An estimated 26% of India’s population lives below the poverty line.^l

5.      India is the birthplace of chess.^l The original word for “chess” is the Sanskritchaturanga, meaning “four members of an army”—which were mostly likely elephants (), horses (Knights), chariots, and foot soldiers(Pawn).

6.      The earliest cotton in the world was spun and woven in India. Roman emperors would wear delicate cotton from India that they would call “woven winds.” Mogul emperors called the fabrics “morning dew” and “cloth of running water.”

7.      The Himalayas—from the Sanskrit hima, meaning “snow,” and alaya, meaning “abode”—are found in the north of India. They extend 1,500 miles and are slowly growing taller, by almost an inch (2.5 cm) a year. Several ancient Indian monasteries are found nestled in the grandeur of these mountains^.

8.      India is the world’s largest producer of dried beans, such as kidney beans and chickpeas. It also leads the world in banana exports; Brazil is second.

9.      With 150,000 post offices, India has the largest postal network in the world. However, it is not unusual for a letter to take two weeks to travel just 30 miles.

10.   Indians hold prominent places both internationally and in the United States. For example, the co-founder of Sun Microsystems (Vinod Khosla), the creator of the Pentium chip (Vinod Dahm), the founder/creator of Hotmail (Sabeer Bhatia), and the GM of Hewlett-Packard (Rajiv Gupta) are all Indian^.

11.   About 80% of Indians are Hindu. Muslims are the largest minority in India and form approximately 13% of the country’s population. In fact, India has the third largest population of Muslims in the world, after Indonesia and Pakistan.

12.  India has the world’s largest movie industry, based in the city of Mumbai (known as the “City of Dreams”). The B in “Bollywood” comes from Bombay, the former name for Mumbai. Almost all Bollywood movies are musicals.

13.  The lotus is sacred to both Hindus and Buddhists. The Bahá'í house of worship in Delhi, known as the “Lotus Temple,” is shaped like a lotus flower with 27 gigantic “petals” that are covered in marble.

14.  The banyan, or Indian fig tree, is considered a symbol of immortality and is mentioned in many Indian myths and legends. This self-renewing plant is India’s national tree.

15.   The official name of India is the Republic of India. The name “India” derives from the River Indus, which most likely is derived from the Sanskrit sindhu, meaning “river.” The official Sanskrit name of India is Bharat, after the legendary king in the epic Mahabharata.

16.  The national fruit of India is the mango. The national bird is the peacock, which was initially bred for food.

17.   Raziya Sultana (1205-1240) was the first woman leader of India. She was considered a great leader, though she ruled for only three years before being murdered.

18.  All of India is under a single time zone. (GMT+ 5:30)

19.  Chandragupta Maurya (340-290 B.C.), a leader in India who established the Mauryan Empire (321-185 B.C.), was guarded by a band of women on horseback.

20. In recent years, Indian authors have made a mark on the world with such novels as Salman Rushdie’s The Satanic Verses (1988), Vikram Seth’s Suitable Boy (1993), and Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things (1997).

21.  Marigold flowers are used as decoration for Hindu marriages and are a symbol of good fortune and happiness.